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TCEQ Hearing Re. Expedited Permit Application from Wilco Aggregates – Aug. 29

Cheryl and I went to the TCEQ meeting in Liberty Hill on Tuesday, Aug. 29. The (good sized) room was pretty well packed, and there was additional seating outside with a good sound system and comfy folding chairs set up.

The TCEQ folks were there, as well as the owner of the rock crushing operation, Wilco Agregates. The meeting was divided into two parts, first, questions, and then formal comments which were read into the record. The permit under consideration dealt strictly with AIR quality, and the TCEQ folks who were there were from the air quality division. Water was only dealt with in passing, noting that the several proposed wells could only provide a fraction of the water required for keeping dust down. Water issues were, nonetheless, the 500 lb gorilla in the room, and the water issue was brought up several times. The crushing operation intends to get most of its water from ponds, and several people pointed out that no one has any ponds with water in them this time of year.

Among the strongest points made by attendees brought up the observation that the request for “expedited” consideration of the permit smelled decidedly fishy. The law requires that public notice be given via local public libraries and in general circulation publications. One participant, who worked at a local library, noted that they’d been given a “packet” of information, with no instructions as to what to do with it except “hang on to it”, and when asked for it by interested citizens, couldn’t find it. Another person noted that he’d gone to a local publication, which was supposed to have published the requisite information, and asked where their distribution points for the publication were. The publication folks had no idea! The bottom line is that the whole concept of “public notice” relies on concepts of information distribution that are 50 or more years old, and totally predate the digital revolution. Small-town print newspapers are in general struggling and dying as the public moves toward getting its news digitally. Nextdoor, while far from perfect, would be an appropriate place to publish such public notice, even though it might still only reach a subset of our citizens – those who have Internet and are subscribed to ND – probably far better than many hard-copy local print media.

So there were a number of formal requests that the “expedited permit” request be denied, and that a more formal contested approval process be started instead, and that appropriate public notice of meetings be given sufficiently in advance to enable robust public participation. A number of people who live near existing rock crushing facilities spoke up saying that dust-suppression operations are woefully inadequate with them, and that trees, houses, vehicles, etc. are often covered in dust. Others pointed out that the proximity of the proposed facility, Wilco Aggregates, near Liberty Hill will be adjacent to the Balcones Canyonlands National Wildlife Refuge, and the welfare of trees and wildlife in this area may well be impacted, given the likelihood that this operation will indeed produce copious amounts of airborne dust.

There was a general sentiment in questions and comments toward an attitude of “hold on, let’s step back and take a closer look at this, and do it RIGHT”. And there was much applause for the people who expressed this, many of whom were well versed professional folks and well educated on the subject.

TCEQ has extended the date for public comments until Sept. 23rd. Please check the TCEQ website and note permit #169044L001,

I should note that unlike many parts of Texas, our areas of Travis and Williamson counties have no formal groundwater conservation district organization (thank you! Texas state legislature!). These organizations, where they’re established, have teeth in them and can enforce regulations regarding well drilling and the use of water from them.

So here’s a link to an article on the subject: https://www.kxan.com/investigations/williamson-county-homeowners-concerned-about-growing-rock-crushing-operations/

And for those of you who want it, the TCEQ WATER Division can be reached at 512-239-6696.

Notes, water issues committee meeting, July 23, 2022

At the July 16th general meeting, the following people signed up to be on the committee:

Chuck Warick, Sarah Williams, Dave Decker, Michelle Ellis, Auburn Gallagher, Lisa Blanda and Linda Hambrick.

Lisa Blanda asked to drop out because after rethinking her situation, she has too many commitments to take on another. Michelle Ellis can’t meet on Saturdays because she is a realtor and that is one of her busy days.

Chuck and his family had already planned a vacation starting this weekend and Sarah and her family had already planned a visit from friends.

So, Linda, Dave and Auburne met and spent an hour discussing what should be done to begin to cope with these problems.

Auburne is going to order two years of her billing statements to try to track Aqua’s rate increases and her usage. She will also call her contacts at Aqua and TCEQ and ask for information. She will try to get Aqua to designate a staff member to come out to our next general meeting.

Dave is going to try to find out what type of attorney we need to contact at a later date if it is decided that we need to have one. He had designed two petitions, one to Aqua and one to TCEQ, and he will have them printed up in preparation for a signature drive when our data gathering is finished. He will also contact Aqua’s local employee and work with him to get his subdivision to stop watering and find out about the well plans if Larry knows them. He will also contact a political person he knows well and ask her what she recommends that we do.

Linda will contact her friend who does signs and get him to do some that have our various contact information, such as the web site, nextdoor and the face book pages plus the statement that we are collecting signatures on petitions to be sent to Aqua and TCEQ. She will call or go to the City of Liberty Hill and get copies of relevant litigation files between the city and Aqua so we can see what they went through on their way to losing the suit.

Meanwhile, we should all be sending or bringing to Linda any correspondence with Aqua or TCEQ. Linda will serve as secretary but does not want to take the lead. We intend to accumulate as much data as possible and organize it in a binder so copies can be made, and we can scan what is decided that needs to be shared.

We welcome any advice, suggestions, and information. We could also use two other committee members to take the place of those who can’t do it.

Minutes of the Community Meeting, July 16, 2022

  1. Call to Order. The meeting was called to order by Lannie Reed.
  1. Discussion concerning the water issues in the Aqua Texas service area and beyond that consume water from the same water table.

Several people had signed up to speak. Dave Decker, president of The Bluffs Homeowners Association spoke first. He stated that he isn’t here representing the homeowner’s association since they haven’t met yet. He introduced Mario Mendoza who is also from The Bluffs. He stated that his intention is to work with the neighbors and not to be adversarial. Lanny had asked him to get some information from James Giddens, the builder of the homes in the subdivision. Giddens told Dave that The Bluffs was plated with 31 lots back in 1985/86 and was recorded at Travis County. The original subdivider of the 31 lots had an agreement with Southwestern Water Corporation and they paid for 31 taps. Nothing was built on the lots and Giddens bought the subdivision in 2018. Aqua bought the water corporation in the meantime. In 2019 Giddens had to pay Aqua for 31 connections and he deeded Aqua a one-acre lot on which to drill a well. They were supposed to drill two more wells in Sandy Creek, but he didn’t know the locations that were outside The Bluffs. At the time of contract signature with Aqua, Giddens got confirmation that a well had been drilled on Lot 14 of The Bluffs and it was providing adequate water.

Linda Hambrick asked Dave if Giddens or any of the home buyers were informed about the problems that Aqua was having providing water to its customers? Dave said that he thought Giddens was aware of the problems since he knew about the need for more wells but as a homeowner, Dave was not aware of any water problems when he bought his home. Linda suggested that perhaps that was a disclosure omission.

Lindsay Haisley gave a brief history of the area and the issues the water system from the beginning. Gene Bilberry was the original developer who never did provide decent water and the next owner, Bill Long didn’t do any better. Long sold the system to Aqua who are playing catchup to fix the substandard system. The water mains and pipes were installed in ditches with no bedding, so the system has always leaked. Wells are failing, being redrilled and new wells are being drilled.

Dave said that the water mains going into The Bluffs are faulty. He also stated that the home buyers had no idea that this area was in water restrictions for years. When the subdivision got a letter from Aqua about stage four restrictions, that was the first they were aware of the issues. Giddens installed yard lines from the Aqua lines. They are also getting the brown water at times.

Mike Pettit and Chuck Warick discussed the present status of the Aqua system and the progress of the construction project. There was a general discussion of other new subdivision activities and where their water will come from. Suggestions were made for solutions such as asking Leander to run a line out here, which is probably not a possibility. Carla Rowland from Cherry Hollow was worried that Aqua is taking water from their storage tanks. There was discussion about what areas Aqua serves.

Lannie Reed suggested action to be taken so that our voices can be combined and augmented by publicity. There as discussion about the path to take. TCEQ is one of the agencies that could help us. Mark Sloat talked about what Aqua has done and is now doing. He also mentioned illegal subdivisions. Linda Hambrick is trying to get Commissioner Ann Howard out to a meeting. Cherlyn Gwenwinkle asked if Dave can get his HOA to have his folks conserve water. He will look at the HOA rules. Aqua is imposing restrictions and will put a governor on the inflow if they don’t conserve. Lannie explained about water hydrology according to the information provided to her by the well guys. There was discussion about surface water as opposed to well water and leakage in systems.

Lannie suggested that we need to know what Aqua intends to add to the system.

A committee will be formed to figure out the steps to be taken to reach out to the proper entities to help us with our water issues. Suggestions were to reach out to Leander also to enforce their subdivision regulations and to go to the TCEQ. Auburne Gallagher spoke about her dealings with TCEQ. Lannie stressed that us getting together is the key. The committee needs to recommend solutions. Rainwater collection systems were suggested as an interim solution. Everyone should send any information they already have to the committee for them to organize. Linda can scan information for everyone’s use. Sandycreekcommunity.org is a web site that Lindsay Haisley administers. We need signs to advertise the web site.

Mark Sloat said that reporting a leak to Aqua is a problem, so Larry’s phone number was given out. There was a discussion about where the pipes are located that the fire department can use to fill up the water truck.

Cynthia Sutton had signed up to speak and she told the group about her severe water problems. She was asked to forward on to the committee her complaints so that they can be included in the collection of documentation. Linda gave her address for the committee meeting next Saturday and it was decided that it starts at 11 a.m. The next general meeting will be held at Nameless School as soon as the committee has enough time to pull together information, contact information and recommendations.

Lindsay Haisley announced a meeting in Belton concerning well water education and he recommended a Lindsay Walter’s essay on the Colorado River and droughts. He referred us to the web site.

Jennifer, a speaker from Cherry Hollow talked about the problems that they are experiencing lately in that subdivision. Manuel told us that there is a contact name on the last mailing from Aqua.

Auburne Gallagher told about her dealings with Giddens moving folks in before their well was operative. She was told that Giddens was supposed to pay Aqua to drill all three wells. Cynthia gave Auburne a number of a contact at TCEQ.

Linda summarized the situation. This is a problem that is manifesting all over the water poor areas of the southwest. It is bigger than Aqua. We have to stick together and try to find contacts with those entities that can and will try to help us. Lanny agreed and said that we’ve taken our first step with this meeting and that we will continue to fight and put pressure on Aqua.

Jacob Massengill suggested eradicating the Cedar trees which use up a lot of water.

Item 3. Discussion concerning illegal subdivisions, their effects on the adjoining properties in terms of sewage, drainage and pressure on limited water resources.

Chad Moss reviewed the history of the illegal subdivision on Chaparral and Auburne joined in the discussion. There has been no response to our situation so far. This should be one of the issues that this group addresses in numbers and with publicity. The problem is that Travis County is not enforcing their laws.

Item 4. Discussion concerning the various entities with regulatory power over the development of property in this area and their lack of enforcement. This was covered in the discussions above.

Item 5. Discussion concerning the Round Mountain Community Center (Scholl) and hear information about the plans being made to establish a 501c3 non-profit to legalize and perpetuate the management of the old building for the use of the community.

Linda and Lindsay gave a brief history of the Round Mountain School. She reported that there is a small group of concerned people who are trying to get a legal nonprofit organized and approved in order to make sure that the building does not get sold, torn down or taken out of the community. The group doesn’t want to interfere with the Browers or the church that Dottie is renting the school to, but only to provide a legal basis for it to continue to be a community center. They asked the group if they agreed with that goal and asked for support. The group unanimously expressed support for the project. There was a consensus that the community should be able to use the school for meetings and events.

Item 6. Any other topics brought up by attendees if time permits.

Chad Moss wanted to talk about a directory for local businesses. Lindsay said that the web site can have this. Lindsay talked about the web site and how to communicate on it.

There was a question about enforcement of HOA’s. Deed restrictions have to be enforced by civil suit.

There was a discussion about who bought Calkin’s store. Nobody knew.

There was another discussion about water use by Cedar trees.

Linda suggested that we adjourn and spend the rest of our time visiting.

Item 7. Schedule a follow up meeting in the near future. The committee will meet on Saturday, July 23rd at 11 a.m. at 24604 Long Hollow Trail. The next general meeting will be announced on Nextdoor and on the website when the committee has had time to do some work and make a recommendation. Any information held concerning these issues should be forwarded to Linda, Lannie or the committee members who are Chuck Warick, Sarah Williams, Dave Decker, Auburne Gallagher, Lisa Blanda and Linda Hambrick.

Item 8. Adjournment

The meeting was adjourned at 1:42 p.m.

July 16, 2022 Community Meeting

When: Saturday, July 16, 2022, High Noon

Where: Round Mountain Baptist Church, 14500 Round Mountain Road

Our Agenda:

  1. Call to Order
  2. Discussion concerning the water issues in the Aqua Texas service area and beyond that consume water from the same water table. Propose action.
  3. Discussion concerning illegal subdivisions, their effects on the adjoining properties in terms of sewage, drainage and pressure on limited water resources. Propose action.
  4. Discussion concerning the various entities with regulatory power over the development of property in this area and their lack of enforcement. Propose action.
  5. Discussion concerning the Round Mountain Community Center (School) and hear information about the plans being made to establish a 501c3 non-profit to legalize and perpetuate the management of the old building for the use of the community. Propose action.
  6. Any other topics brought up by attendees if time permits.
  7. Schedule a follow up meeting in the near future.
  8. Adjournment.

Many thanks to Linda Hambrick for her deep and wide organizational knowledge and her able shoulder to the organizational wheel on this. And also to Lannie Reed who worked with the Baptist Church to get a place for us to gather. It’s been proposed that future meetings be held and the Nameless School.

A chairperson, whose job it will be to keep us on track, will be selected at the start of the meeting.

Community Social, Soup Supper, Guest speaker local historian, Genny Kercheville

Come meet your neighbors, have some soup and learn about our fascinating local history

Leap Year day, February 29th starting at 6:00 p.m., you all are invited to come to what we hope to be the first of many neighborhood gatherings to resurrect the community feeling of yesteryear. This is a social get to know each other, share a meal, and hear local historians tell the story of the old school and the community.

A handful of interested people started talking about how to do this and after conferring with Dottie Brower, one of the local historians, we decided to have a soup supper like they used to do many years ago. We are coordinating with the church that meets there and look forward to meeting all of our neighbors.

Our main speaker is Genny Kercheville, author of the book Nameless, Its History and Its People. Genny will bring copies of her book in case anyone wants to buy one (the proceeds go to the Friends of Nameless School), but she is donating her time to us because she loves the old Round Mountain school too. She and her associates were responsible for restoring the Nameless school, and their organization has annual fundraisers to pay for the maintenance of the historic structure. We hope that Dottie Brower will contribute to the program by sharing her memories and stories of the early settlers to the Round Mountain community.

Can you bring a crock pot of your favorite soup, maybe some cornbread or biscuits? Can you help get the word out to others who aren’t on the internet? Are you interested in having more of these events, and if so, can you make some suggestions about what kind of gatherings you envision? Can you stay after and help clean up? Dottie is coordinating the food, so please call her starting Monday, February 17th at 512-259-5683 to let her know what you can bring.

Please tell your friends and neighbors who aren’t on line.

The Sandy Creek Community Association

Back around 1998 we had a very active community group here. Our friend and neighbor Jean Nance published a monthly newsletter, and we had monthly meetings at the old fire station, or at the Community Center. I hosted a website for the SCCA, the last edition of which, with the last SCCA Newsletter in it, is online here. You might find it interesting to click on the pink box near the top of the page and see some history about the old schoolhouse that’s our community center building. This is how we were 20 years ago.

Please note that this is a very old website and EMERGENCY NUMBERS ON IT MAY WELL BE OUT OF DATE.

Community Meeting Minutes – Aug. 12, 2018

Minutes of the meeting of the Neighbors of Sandy Creek
held on August 12th at the Round Mountain School/Community Center.

There were approximately 60 participants for this meeting. The purpose of the meeting was to communicate with County Commissioner, Precinct 3, Gerald Daugherty about the ongoing problem with:

1)  Illegal subdivisions that add to the water issues.
2) Aqua and its role in the new illegal development and resubdivisions of lots and extensions of inadequate system.

Commissioner Daugherty began by saying he would tell us what he knows about the issue, how he found out, and where it stands at this time. The county will be focusing on stopping the development without making the situation worse over the long term.

The county engineers, planners and the assistant county attorney have met with the development owners, so they know that they are in trouble. They have not submitted a subdivision plan or plat that complies with the county regulations. One attempt to get the development legal is to use the condominium regime to try to fit their purposes, which has not been accepted by the county, but they are still trying to work it out. The developers are trying to side-step county regulations

There is a “stop-work order” in place, and the legal department is looking at all of the options that they think a court would uphold. They can’t go out and put notices on the individual trailers to move out of the place, and we can’t keep them from bringing in more
trailers. He told us that the county attorney is getting the Attorney General involved which would provide more impact.

Nearby land owners told Daugherty that there has been ongoing work being done on a new 7 acre lot that is land locked, and people are trespassing to access it. There is also a septic tank ready to be dropped into an already dug hole on the original 20 acres. Daugherty
said that he would look into those issues because there are legal remedies available for immediate action, and asked that the property owners call him when they see this activity. He said that he would drive out to observe the septic tank today, before it could be dropped
and covered.

There was a lot of discussion about the Aqua water system and it’s inadequacy to supply existing demand. The new taps at the property line on each 10 acre tract are a problem but not considered illegal construction since they are on the right of way and not on the
property. If they try to extend internal water lines to hook up the trailers, then that would be illegal construction.  We were promised that if we organized to file complaints with the Public Utility Commission and Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, he would back
us up as an elected official, but that he had no separate standing to file a complaint.

He said that the Travis County Fire Marshall will enforce the fire prevention regulations, and that the Chaparral development would have to have a lot of water storage in place to fight fires on their property before they could become compliant with fire regulations. The Health Department will inspect the suspect illegal septic system.

He promised us that this is one of his three or four top priorities (thanks to Chad and Melissa Moss and others who have relentlessly complained to him) and that he will work hard to bring a resolution to the situation because this area could easily turn into a “colonia” if
this isn’t stopped.

He also promised to keep us all informed as to his actions and progress. Many attendees signed a sheet giving his executive assistant, Bob Moore, their contact information and were promised email updates.

Thanks for all who came out and also for the interest of those who could not attend.

Linda Hambrick
512-415-5803
Linda.hambrick1@gmail.com
24604 Long Hollow Trail

Community Meeting Minutes

Thanks to Linda Hambrick for writing up the minutes of our community meeting, which follow:

Minutes of the meeting of the Neighbors of Sandy Creek held on June 12th at the Round Mountain Baptist Church.

There were approximately 40 participants for this meeting.

1. Illegal Subdivisions

Chad Moss led the meeting by first going over the short agenda.Illegal subdivisions and legal subdivisions that add to the water issues.

 

2. Aqua

Aqua and its role in the new illegal development and resubdivisions of lots and extensions of inadequate system.

These two items were discussed together.

 

Deed restrictions were discussed as a possible avenue of action against these developments. We need to get copies of all plats of the areas under pressure of new development. It is possible that there are different restrictions according to the subdivision and the phase of the subdivision plat. It would be helpful to have copies of these plats and the deed restrictions of each one for our information. Linda Hambrick pointed out that the enforcement method for deed restrictions is only through civil litigation and that requires an attorney which costs money, and that a more expedient method would be to put pressure on the county and TCEQ before resorting to this tool.

 

There was discussion about how Aqua is continuing to try to install new taps in the Chaparral development even though the county has a stop-work order on it and is supposedly pursuing the owner in court. The KVUE report was discussed and that it mentioned the law firm that is representing the people who bought lots from the developer. The relationships of the developer, Aqua, Travis County and the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality were discussed in terms of our need to find the best way to have positive input as a group of property owners who are being impacted by the poor water system and the illegal development.

 

We need to develop a data base of contact names, phone numbers, addresses (both email and postal) of all entities and each contact them as often as possible. We need to do a petition to be sent to the Travis County Commissioners Court with copies to Aqua Texas and TCEQ. Linda will write the petition and get it out so that people can get signatures and Chad will work on contacts at TCEQ. Anyone who has this information should share it with all and especially Linda so that she can make up the data base. Mark Sloat, who works for the county, is a good resource for these contacts at the county. He suggested also contacting the county through their health department and their environmental quality department. These will be on the data base.

 

The idea of finding an attorney was discussed. Chad will try to contact the group that is representing the buyers of the Chaparral development to see if we might piggyback on their behalf. Other names were mentioned: Tom Buckle of Jonestown, and Bill Alshire, retired County Judge who was quoted in the KVUE news piece.

 

We will continue to correspond on Neighborhood and the new Face Book page set up by Chad, Leander Valley Community, and the page set up by Lindsay Haisley, sandycreekcommunity.org.

Linda will construct a list from the sign-up sheets from the meeting. (If you object to your info being included let Linda know to leave yours off of the public list.)

 

3. Community Pride

There was a discussion on ideas to help clean up the community. About half of those in attendance raised their hands when asked by Chad to be volunteers on a future clean up effort of the rights of way. When this comes up, all will be notified and be able to participate.

 

Recycling was also discussed and Clawson will be contacted to see if they are willing to help us with this effort.

 

4.  History of and future utilization and care of existing community center.

There was a lively discussion about the community center. Several participants had been involved through the years as trustees and it was decided that the Snodgrass’s, who conduct the elections that are held there, will act as emissaries to the Browers, who now control the center, to try to establish a plan to let the citizens become more active in helping to maintain and utilize the facility.

 

5.  Future meetings and actions to be taken resulting from this initial meeting.

After the community center issue has been resolved, we will meet next at that building. The long-range plan will be to have at least quarterly meetings there, and be able to make more use of the building.

When the petition has been written and distributed, signatures will be gathered and the petition will be sent to the proper entities.

 

A database of contacts (both neighbors and regulatory entities) will be developed and distributed.

 

We will watch the agenda of the Commissioners Court and attend in large numbers if the Chaparral development makes it to the agenda. We will also attend the City Council meeting on the 21st to comment on the Concept Plan for the other resubdivision.

 

One of the attendees will check on Clawson’s recycling possibility.

 

Thanks for all who came out and also for the interest of those who could not attend.

 

Linda Hambrick

24604 Long Hollow Trail

Solar Power For the Masses

This small solar system involved a lot of work (largely woodwork and wiring) The basic kit was obtained from Amazon.com (https://www.amazon.com/Renogy…/dp/B00BCRG22A/). Later upgrades were purchased separately directly from Renogy.

A home solar system, capable of off-grid operation, generally consists of four parts:

  • Solar panels
  • Charge controller
  • Energy storage (usually one or more batteries)
  • Inverter

Not all residential solar systems contain all of the above. Notably, some systems use what’s called a “grid tie” inverter which eliminates the charge controller and battery array and feeds power back into the commercial power grid when your panels are producing more electricity than you’re using, cutting your electric bill. Our system is an “off grid” system, not connected to the power grid, and providing a relatively small amount of power. It’s basically an experimental or “hobby” system.

Solar Panels

The angle of the panel array can be seasonally adjusted.

Solar panels convert sunlight into electrical energy and come in several flavors with different costs and efficiencies. The panels used in the system here are “monocrystaline” silicon, the most effecient and highest priced type. These 100W solar panels from Renogy can be bought individually (sans the voltage controller) for $136, and the price keeps dropping. It was only a few years ago that my price target for solar panels was $5 per watt. I’ve seen panels for under $1 per watt recently. The panels in our system are “monocrystalline” silicon, the most efficient and most expensive of the several solar panel technologies available. Many solar installations use “polycrystalline” silicon, slightly less efficient and less expensive. These panels are designed and installed to work with a 12 volt system. Commercial home solar installations generally use 24 or 48 volt panels. These panels are wired in series, and the array, in full sun, puts out 80 to 90 volts.

The original solar panel array was the Renogy “starter kit” consiting of two 100W panels and a 20W charge controller. I’ve upgraded it to four 100W panels, as shown above.

Charge controller

Control center showing charge controller, fuses and voltage/current meters

The purpose of a charge controller is to adjust the voltage and current provided by solar panels and present the battery or battery bank with voltages which are appropriate for battery charging and maintenance. Abstent a charge controller, batteries would quickly be destroyed by the voltage delivered from the solar panel array. Charge controllers come in two flavors, pulse width modulation (PWM) and maximum power point tracking (MPPT). PWM technology is relatively inexpensive, but less efficient that the newer and more expensive MPPT technology.

The original charge controller was Renogy’s “Wanderer” PWM controller. It’s their least expensive 20 amp controller. The system has been upgraded to a more efficient 40 amp Renogy “Rover” MPPT controller which handles the current and voltage delivered by the four panels.

Energy storage

Renogy 200AH (L) and MightyMax 100AH (R) batteries

The big “gotcha” with solar power these days is still energy storage. All batteries have a limited life span, and are not cheap. For this system, I bought a single 12V 100AH (amp-hour) AGM deep-cycle battery (Mighty Max ML100-12), the cost of which was $175 plus shipping (not inconsiderable on a lead-acid battery). This is cheap for an AGM (Absorbent Glass Mat) battery. Better cost/performance can be obtained with regular flooded deep-cycle batteries, but part of my intention with this solar system is to be able to take a minimal sub-set of it with me if I play out of doors somewhere to power our sound system, and unlike flooded batteries, AGM batteries are spill-proof. I’ve added a Renogy 200AH AGM battery to the system to provide more storage capacity, for a total of 300AH. Many small systems such as ours use widely available standard deep-cycle flooded batteries. For a system which isn’t intended to be portable, flooded batteries are the way to go and provide the least expensive solution. All good charge controllers will have a setting to optimize their performance for any one of several kinds of batteries, including AGM and deep-cycle flooded.

A bit of research on batteries shows that the up-and-coming technology for large installations, capable of powering a home, is what’s called “saltwater” batteries. These are currently marketed by a company called Aquion. They’re 48V batteries, the voltage standard for substantial home installations. Saltwater batteries have several advantages over lead-acid (AGM, gel, flooded). They’re environmentally very friendly, using non-toxic materials and chemicals. They can be deeply discharged without damage. On the con side, the energy density of saltwater batteries is rather lower than that of lead-acid or lithium batteries, which isn’t a problem if space and portability aren’t a consideration.

Inverter

PowerBright 500W inverter. Renogy 2000W inverter, currently in use, not shown.

In the US, as in most of the world, all household devices from light bulbs and air conditioners to computers use alternating current (AC). The line voltage varies from country to country, but in the US, the accepted voltages are 110V, or 220V for large appliances such as electric stoves and large air conditioners. An AC electric line alternates between positive and negative at a fixed rate, which is 60 cycles per second (60 Hz) in the US. The inverter in a solar power system converts the DC electicity provided by one or more batteries into AC at the proper voltage and frequency required for home use. Inverters come in a wide variety of capacities, and are rated in output watts. Our system here started out with a Power Bright 600W inverter, shown above, and now uses a Renogy 2000W inverter capable of powering a fridge a small AC or a home-shop power saw. Both of these are “pure sine wave” inverters, the output of which is suitable for use with electronics. Pure sine wave inverters are more costly than those which aren’t, but if you plan to use your solar system for more than just running electric lights and motors, the cost is worth it.

This copper and ceramic knife switch is probably about 100 years old. It’s the cutoff switch between the solar array and the charge controller.

Every component in a solar system should be both switched and fused – or controlled by a circuit breaker which serves both functions. 65 years ago I was a teenager in Appleton, Wisconsin – one of the first towns in the country to have commercial residential hydroelectric power. There was a lot of “legacy” wiring in homes around town, a lot of which didn’t measure up to current safety and code standards and had been taken out of service. This old knife switch was in our attic, attached to the wall but unused. I’ve had it ever since. It serves nicely as a cutoff switch for the solar panel array. The 30A fuses, still available in hardware stores, are probably overkill, but the current delivered by the panel array, even without fusing, should never exceed the capacity of the AWG10 wires.

Cost considerations

The return on investment on this small system is definitely poor compared to power from the grid. Even had I built a larger, more cost-effective system it’s pretty difficult to match the cost of on-the-grid electricity with solar power alone. A well designed system which will power your home or farm has a ROI of 10 to 15 years. After the initial cost, batteries have life-spans. Solar panels have rather longer life-spans, but don’t last forever. Our system, as it stands now, will put out 2000W of power (the rating of the inverter) which is well under 4 hours of power without the solar panels. During the day, with the solar panels providing 400W of power, this would go up a bit. With the addition of another battery or two I could probably coax enough power out of the system to power our cable-modem and small gateway/firewall computer 24/7 so we could stay on the Internet in the event of an extended power outage (assuming Spectrum née Time Warner was still operational). Would it be worth it? I really don’t know. You can take a look at the cost stats at the bottom of this page to get an idea of what I’ve put into it so far and what it would take to bring the system up to something which would provide the equivalent of a single 20 amp circuit for a limited period of time each day.

Perhaps the major payback from this project was learning more about solar power. Were we to decide to seriously invest in taking our home off-grid, this small system would be out of the loop. Standard practice these days is for the installation of 24V or 48V panels – a lot more of them, with a combined capacity of